Academic Catalog

Music

Office: 1321 Old Main; 313-577-1795;

Chairperson: Jeffrey Sposato
Associate Chairperson: Joshua S. Duchan
Director of Graduate Studies: Karl Braunschweig
Academic Advisor: John Edwartowski
Academic Services Officer: Mickayla Chapman
Facilities Manager: Garrett Gaina
Events Production Manager: Isaac Fink
Supervisor; Personnel and Scheduling: Evelyn Williams

http://www.music.wayne.edu

Wayne State University’s Department of Music serves the city of Detroit by providing undergraduate and graduate education in music performance, education, composition and theory, technology, and business. We are committed to preparing students for a variety of careers, and to providing opportunities to explore music in all of its diverse varieties. Whether potential students have had classical music training, sang in their church choir, made beats with friends, or played in a high-school jazz ensemble, they all belong at Wayne State.

Our department draws on Detroit’s rich musical history and its vibrant musical present. Detroit is known for its excellent symphony and opera, Motown musicians and producers, Cass Corridor experimenters, and world-renowned jazz festival. We honor this legacy and build on it by offering students opportunities to learn, grow, and develop their skills in a thriving urban cultural setting. The long historical relationships between Wayne State Music and the city’s numerous music institutions allow students to learn from exceptional guest artists and resident faculty who are specialists in all musical styles and media.

Wayne State Music is committed to serving the entire Detroit metropolitan area. We maintain public access to our performances and degree programs, offer unique creative and scholarly opportunities appropriate to a large research university, and cultivate a deep aesthetic understanding of music in our students and the larger urban arts community. We offer state-of-the-art resources, including our new performance space for students and professionals, the Gretchen C. Valade Jazz Center. In all that we do, we strive to be a music department for the City of Detroit and a pillar of the city’s arts community.

ANDERSON, JONATHAN: DM.A., University of North Texas; Mmus, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; B.A., Luther College; Associate Professor

BIANCHI, DOUGLAS: M.Mus., Oakland University; B.Mus., Wayne State University; Associate Professor

BLASZKIEWICZ, JACEK: Ph.D., Eastman School of Music; Associate Professor

BRAUNSCHWEIG, KARL: Ph.D., M.Mus., University of Michigan; B.A., St. Olaf College; Associate Professor

BROCKINGTON, FRANCES: M.Mus., Western Michigan University; B.S., Eastern Michigan University; Associate Professor

BUTLER, ABIGAIL: Ph.D., University of Arizona; M.Mus., Midwestern State University; B.Mus., Keene State College; Associate Professor Emerita

CHANDLER, VINCENT: M.Mus., B.F.A., University of Michigan; Assistant Professor

COLLINS, CHRISTOPHER: M.Mus., Northern Illinois University; B.Mus., Wayne State University; Professor, Director of Jazz Studies and Valade Endowed Chair in Jazz

DUCHAN, JOSHUA S.: Ph.D., M.A., University of Michigan; B.A., University of Pennsylvania; Professor

DUNCAN IV, NORAH: D.M.A., University of Michigan; M.Mus., Wayne State University; B.A., University of Detroit; Professor

FUSIK, JAMES: D.M.A., M.Mus., Bowling Green State University; B.Mus., Central Michigan University; Assistant Professor of Teaching

HARTWAY, JAMES J.: Ph.D., Michigan State University; MMus, B.A., Wayne State University; Distinguished Professor Emeritus

HIBBARD, SHANNAN: Ph.D., M.Mus., B.Mus., University of Michigan; Assistant Professor

LASCH, JONATHAN: D.M.A., University of Michigan; M.Mus., B.Mus., University of Hartford; Associate Professor

MARKOU, KYPROS: M.Mus., New England Conservatory of Music; Perf. Dipl., Royal College of Music; Professor

MCGONIGAL, EILEEN: Ph.D., B.Mus., Florida State University; M.Mus., Arizona State University; Assistant Professor

MILLER, RUSSELL W.: M.Mus, B.Mus, Wayne State University; Associate Professor Emeritus

PARK, JOO WON: Ph.D., M.Mus., University of Florida; B.Mus., Berklee College of Music; Associate Professor

PETERS, JEREMY: M.B.A., University of Cambridge; B.A. University of Michigan; Assistant Professor

ROELOFS, LAURA L.: D.M.A., M.Mus., Catholic University of America; B.Mus., Boston University; Associate Professor Emerita

SHELLABARGER, MICHAEL: M.Mus., Northwestern University; B.Mus., Central Michigan University; Assistant Professor of Teaching

SPOSATO, JEFFREY: Ph.D., Brandeis University; M.Mus., B.Mus., New England Conservatory of Music; B.A., Tufts University; Professor

TAZAWA, ERIKA: D.M.A., University of Georgia; M.Mus., B.Mus., State University of New York, Potsdam; Assistant Professor

TUOHEY, TERESE: Ph.D., Kent State University; M.Mus., Eastman School of Music; B.Mus., Marywood College; Associate Professor Emerita

VANDER WEG, JOHN D.: Ph.D., M.Mus, B.Mus, University of Michigan; Professor Emeritus

WISCHUSEN, MARY A.: Ph.D., M.A., Rutgers University; B.A., Chestnut Hill College; Associate Professor Emerita

Music Education

MED 2500 Piano Skills for the Music Classroom Cr. 2

Continuation of MUA 2795. Additional practice with functional skills needed in music classroom. Students acquire a repertoire of musical selections commonly used in the educational setting. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 2795 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $75

MED 3500 Introduction to Music Education Cr. 2

Course work includes lesson-plan writing, introduction to methodologies, and participating in teaching experiences. Exploration of philosophical, historical, psychological, and cultural/social foundations of the profession in the context of practical exercises. Offered Fall.

MED 3510 Teaching & Learning Music Cr. 3

In this course, students build the knowledge, skill, and vision required for meaningful music teaching and learning in K-12 settings, including: engaging with core principles of how people learn music and how teachers design and facilitate learning experiences, exploring varied approaches to instruction, considering the diverse needs and strengths of music learners, and developing pedagogical decision-making. Throughout the course, students draw connections between theory and practice to deepen their understanding of what it means to teach and learn diverse forms of music with an equitable, inclusive approach. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MED 3500 with a minimum grade of C

MED 3990 Directed Study Cr. 1-3

Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior, Senior or Post Bachelor; enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MED 4510 General Music Methods Cr. 3

This course provides students with a strong foundation in the knowledge, skill, and vision required to facilitate meaningful music teaching and learning in elementary general music settings. It is designed to engage a community of practice, where we learn with, and from each other. Teaching and learning opportunities are established within a set of critical relationships: knowledge of self (identity, history, self-awareness), knowledge of students/communities (sociological lens), and knowledge of content (music) and teaching strategies (pedagogy). Within each, a variety of philosophical and sociological topics and current issues are explored, inviting students to make connections and imagine applications to music learning spaces. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MED 3500 with a minimum grade of C

MED 4530 Choral Methods Cr. 3

Role of choral and vocal music education in secondary schools. Class activities, readings, and fieldwork focus on curriculum development, repertoire, score analysis, rehearsal planning, rehearsal techniques, vocal pedagogy and assessment. Organizational and managerial aspects such as recruitment, budgeting and scheduling are also included. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MED 4510 with a minimum grade of C

MED 4540 Instrumental Music in the Schools I Cr. 3

Teaching techniques, materials and organization of instrumental music in elementary schools. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 1720 with a minimum grade of C and MUA 1730 with a minimum grade of C and MUA 1740 with a minimum grade of C and MUA 1750 with a minimum grade of C and MUA 1760 with a minimum grade of C and MED 3500 with a minimum grade of C

MED 4550 Instrumental Music in the Schools II Cr. 3

Teaching techniques, materials and organization of instrumental music in secondary schools. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MED 4540 with a minimum grade of C

MED 4560 Practicum in Music Education Cr. 3

Practicum provides field experiences in elementary or secondary school settings prior to full-time student teaching. Students apprentice with a cooperating teacher while assisting, observing and teaching throughout the semester. A minimum of 15 hours per week in an approved classroom is required. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisite: MED 3500 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students in the College of Education.

MED 4570 Student Teaching and Seminar Cr. 12

Directed teaching in schools at grade levels for which advanced students are preparing for certification. Seminars feature discussion of important educational issues. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students in the College of Education.

MED 5550 Choral Conducting and Rehearsal Techniques Cr. 3

Conducting and rehearsal methods and materials for secondary schools. No credit for M.Mus. in conducting or music education. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 3670 with a minimum grade of C

Music Ensembles and General Courses

MUA 0804 Warrior Band Cr. 0

Warrior band performs for all home football games during fall term and basketball games during late fall and winter terms. Performances for University special events may be scheduled. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUA 0900 General Lectures and Concerts Cr. 0

Lectures by visiting scholars; recitals by invited guest artists; student and faculty recitals, concerts and convocations. Offered Fall, Winter.

MUA 1700 Guitar Class Cr. 2

Fundamentals in guitar playing; techniques, hand positions, bar chords, general performance practices. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $75

Repeatable for 8 Credits

MUA 1710 Piano Class Cr. 2

Rudiments of rhythmic and staff notation, beginning keyboard technique, hand positions, scales, simple compositions. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $75

Repeatable for 8 Credits

MUA 1720 Voice Techniques and Pedagogy Cr. 2

Fundamentals in voice training and pedagogy for music majors. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1140 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 1150 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 8 Credits

MUA 1730 String Techniques and Pedagogy Cr. 2

Techniques and fundamental problems in the playing and teaching of stringed instruments. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUT 1140 with a minimum grade of D- or MUT 1100 with a minimum grade of D-

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $75

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUA 1740 Woodwind Techniques and Pedagogy Cr. 2

Techniques and fundamental problems in the playing and teaching of woodwind instruments. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUT 1140 with a minimum grade of D- or MUT 1100 with a minimum grade of D-

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $75

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUA 1750 Brasswind Techniques and Pedagogy Cr. 2

Techniques and fundamental problems in the playing and teaching of brasswind instruments. Offered Fall.

Prerequisites: MUT 1140 with a minimum grade of D- or MUT 1100 with a minimum grade of D-

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $75

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUA 1760 Percussion Techniques and Pedagogy Cr. 2

Techniques and fundamental problems in the playing and teaching of percussion instruments. Offered Fall.

Prerequisites: MUT 1140 with a minimum grade of D- or MUT 1100 with a minimum grade of D-

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $75

MUA 1795 Piano Skills I Cr. 2

Repertoire, scales, sight reading, harmonization, and simple transpositions. Offered Every Term.

Prerequisites: MUA 1710 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment limited to students in the BA in Fine Arts or Bachelor of Music programs.

Fees: $75

MUA 2400 Survey of the Music Business and Labor Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Social Inquiry

Overview of music business, intellectual property basics, and music business careers. Survey of the economic structure and social institutions of the music industry. Examination of problems in cultural careers. Offered Winter.

Equivalent: ELR 2400

MUA 2500 Music Technology Cr. 3

Introductory class on music technology. Learn to record, edit, and export music using a computer. Learn the basics of audio hardware setup for music, multimedia, and classes. Offered Every Term.

Fees: $75

MUA 2510 Studio Recording Techniques Cr. 2

Learn techniques of multi-track recording. Students will learn how to observe and understand equipment in a professional recording studio. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 2500 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $75

MUA 2530 Electronic Music Synthesis Cr. 3

Learn to create sounds by manipulating electronic signals. Topics include fundamentals of synthesizers, theories of digital signal processing, and principle of sound design. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 2500 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $75

MUA 2720 Voice Class Cr. 2

Fundamentals in voice training. Correct breathing: tone placement: articulation vocalises. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 8 Credits

MUA 2795 Piano Skills II Cr. 2

Continuation of MUA 1795; development of basic piano skills to a higher level. Offered Winter, Spring/Summer.

Prerequisite: MUA 1795 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment limited to students in the BA in Fine Arts or Bachelor of Music programs.

Fees: $75

MUA 2800 University Bands Cr. 1

. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2802 Chamber Winds Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $25

Repeatable for 10 Credits

MUA 2804 Warrior Band Cr. 1

Warrior band performs for all home football games during fall term and basketball games during late fall and winter terms. Performances for University special events may be scheduled. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 8 Credits

MUA 2806 Campus Band Cr. 0

Co-curricular concert band open to all University students. Campus Band performs one formal concert during winter term. Performances for University special events may be scheduled. Offered Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Fees: $30

MUA 2810 University Symphony Orchestra Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2820 Jazz Big Band Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2822 Jazz Guitar Ensemble Cr. 1

Large ensemble for jazz guitar majors/principals. Offered Every Term.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2824 Jazztet Cr. 1

Select ensemble for jazz majors. Offered Every Term.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $25

Repeatable for 10 Credits

MUA 2826 Jazz Combos Cr. 1

Small ensemble for jazz majors. Offered Every Term.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Fees: $25

Repeatable for 10 Credits

MUA 2830 Men's Glee Club Cr. 1

Music majors must enroll for one credit to satisfy degree requirements. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $20

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2840 Choral Union Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2850 Concert Chorale Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2860 Opera Workshop Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $30

Repeatable for 10 Credits

MUA 2870 Women's Chorale Cr. 1

Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $25

Repeatable for 99 Credits

MUA 2880 Chamber Music and Special Ensembles Cr. 1

All forms including: flute ensemble, percussion ensemble, string trios and quartets, small wind or brass ensembles, and mixed ensembles. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music.

Fees: $25

Repeatable for 10 Credits

MUA 2891 Electronic Music Ensemble Cr. 1

Learn to play electronic instruments in an ensemble. Current and vintage electronic instruments as well as approved traditional instruments are being used to perform contemporary electronic music repertoire. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 2500 with a minimum grade of C or MUA 2530 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $75

Repeatable for 2 Credits

MUA 3500 Music IP and Stakeholders Cr. 3

Exploration of intellectual property and music law, including copyright, contracts, music licensing, and negotiation. In-depth examination of relationships between stakeholder entities. Offered Fall.

MUA 3510 Mixing and Mastering Cr. 2

Students will learn project management skills through proper session documentation and billing. Topics include surround sound mixing, live sound, and large ensemble production techniques. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 2510 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $75

MUA 3530 Advanced Music Synthesis Cr. 3

Covers the basics of audio programming using text-based audio applications. Students will learn to create their own plugins and software synthesizers. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 2530 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $75

MUA 3550 Advanced Studio Techniques Cr. 2

Examines project management skills through proper session documentation and billing. Topics include surround sound mixing, live sound, and large ensemble production techniques. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 3510 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $75

MUA 3670 Conducting Techniques I Cr. 2

Rudiments of conducting; special attention to baton techniques. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 2160 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2170 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 3680 Conducting Techniques II Cr. 2

Continuation of MUA 3670. Score reading and rehearsal techniques. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 3670 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 3795 Advanced Piano Skills Cr. 2

Continuation of MUA 2795; emphasis on jazz skills and styles. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 2795 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students in the Bachelor of Music program.

Fees: $75

MUA 3800 Collaborative Piano Cr. 2

The study and practical application of accompaniment techniques on the piano. Topics include vocal and instrumental repertoire (17th–21st centuries), chord chart and lead sheet reading, music theatre and opera playing, open score reading and reduction, choral rehearsal techniques and ensemble playing, collaboration and coaching skills, and hymn playing and historical keyboards (including guest organist session). Offered Yearly.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

MUA 3990 Directed Study Cr. 1-3

Individualized research and work in a particular aspect of music under the supervision of a faculty member. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior or Senior; enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Music or Music Honors.

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUA 4000 Marketing and Artist Management in Music Cr. 3

Artist management theory and practice. The application of product, sales, and brand marketing to the artists, stakeholders and products created in the for and non-profit music industry. Offered Every Other Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 3500 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4010 Audio Electronics Cr. 3

Examines practical electronics for music production and electronic music composition. Topics include basic electronics, building and repairing audio equipments, and building analog and digital signal processors and synthesizers. Offered Fall.

Prerequisites: (MAT 1070 with a minimum grade of C and MUA 3510 with a minimum grade of C) or MUA 3530 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4020 Theories of Electronic Music Cr. 3

Covers advanced digital theories of electronic music synthesis and production. Topics include digital signal processing, advanced audio programming, interactive audio, and audio synthesis. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 3510 with a minimum grade of C or MUA 3530 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4030 Sound Design for Visual Media Cr. 3

Covers sound design and audio treatment for visual media. Topics include research and creation of sound for film, web, sound libraries, instructional technology, sound installations, and non-linear sound design (video games). Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 3510 with a minimum grade of C or MUA 3530 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4040 Electroacoustic Music Cr. 3

Introduces techniques, aesthetics, and composition of electroacoustic music. Topics include analytical techniques for electronic music, creative usage of audio hardware and software, and advanced electroacoustic music performance. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 3510 with a minimum grade of C or MUA 3530 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4500 Music Entrepreneurship and Leadership Cr. 3

Exploration of entrepreneurship, the practice of entrepreneurial skills, arts leadership elements and skills, and basic organizational design in the context of the music industry. Offered Every Other Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 3500 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4620 Music Business Internship Cr. 2

Directly supervised professional experience in the music and creative arts industries and related fields (marketing, management, publicity, public relations, and live performance). Offered Every Term.

Prerequisite: MUA 2400 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students in the Bachelor of Music program.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUA 4650 Directed Study: Internships Cr. 1-3

Directly supervised professional experience in the music and creative arts industries and related fields (marketing, music technology, recording, publicity, public relations). Offered Every Term.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment limited to students in the Bachelor of Music program.

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUA 4950 Music Technology Senior Project Cr. 1

Students will create a large-scale, long-term project that demonstrates the skills learned in the music technology classes. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 4650 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C

MUA 4990 BA Project Cr. 2

Directed study leading to completion of the B.A. project in music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior; enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Music or Music Honors; enrollment limited to students in a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Equivalent: MUH 4990, MUT 4990

MUA 5690 Stage Band Direction Cr. 1

Techniques of big-band direction in a jazz medium. Offered for undergraduate credit only. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 3670 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Repeatable for 3 Credits

MUA 5800 Strategy and Organization in Music Cr. 3

Strategic management, organizational behavior, and organizational structures in the for and non-profit music industry with a term-long consulting project for an external client. Offered Every Other Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 3500 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $50

MUA 5900 Music Industry Seminar Cr. 1

Real-world experience running and operating a record label by sourcing recorded music products to release. Practice in legal, business, and industry norms. Significant out-of-classroom work is expected. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 3500 with a minimum grade of C and MUA 4000 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUA 5950 Special Topics in Music Industry & Technology Cr. 3

Interdisciplinary seminar exploring a broad range of topics within music technology and/or the music industry. Topical focus varies. Student may repeat course when topic changes. Offered for undergraduate and graduate credit. Offered every other winter term. Offered Every Other Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUA 6500 Music IP and Stakeholders Cr. 3

Exploration of intellectual property and music law, including copyright, contracts, music licensing, and negotiation. In-depth examination of relationships between stakeholder entities. Offered Fall.

MUA 6510 Mixing and Mastering Cr. 3

Students will learn project management skills through proper session documentation and billing. Topics include surround sound mixing, live sound, and large ensemble production techniques. Offered Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

MUA 6530 Advanced Music Synthesis Cr. 3

Covers the basics of audio programming using text-based audio applications. Students will learn to create their own plugins and software synthesizers. Offered Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

MUA 6540 Advanced Studio Techniques Cr. 2

Examines project management skills through proper session documentation and billing. Topics include surround sound mixing, live sound, and large ensemble production techniques. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUA 6510 with a minimum grade of B

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

MUA 6550 Marketing and Artist Management in Music Cr. 3

Artist management theory and practice. The application of product, sales, and brand marketing to the artists, stakeholders and products created in the for and non-profit music industry. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 6500 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 6570 Music Entrepreneurship and Leadership Cr. 3

Exploration of entrepreneurship, the practice of entrepreneurial skills, arts leadership elements and skills, and basic organizational design in the context of the music industry. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUA 6500 with a minimum grade of C

MUA 6800 Music Internship Cr. 1-3

The music internship is designed to provide educational experiences to music students beyond those offered in the classroom. During the internship, students develop professional skills and knowledge in music business, technology, or other areas of musical practice. Students are placed in a studio, business, or other institution in the metro-Detroit area and supervised by local personnel, who provide regular reports on the student’s performance to the faculty of record. Offered Yearly.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Repeatable for 3 Credits

Music History

MUH 1340 Music Appreciation: World Music Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Global Learning Inquiry

Introduction to the musical styles of Africa, Asia, South America, and the Middle East. Offered Every Term.

MUH 1345 Music Cultures Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Global Learning Inquiry

Indigenous musics and cultures of Asia, Africa and the Americas; emphasis on features of the musics that have influenced Western art musics. Offered Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment limited to students in the BA in Fine Arts or Bachelor of Music programs.

MUH 1350 History of American Popular Music Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Diversity Equity Incl Inquiry

History of American popular music from the early nineteenth century to the present. Political, economic, social, and cultural influences on music. Offered Winter.

MUH 1351 History and Styles of Rock and Roll Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Diversity Equity Incl Inquiry

Exploration of American ""mainstream"" and ""subcultural"" popular music; focus on art, technology, business, cultural contexts. Offered Yearly.

MUH 1360 Women, Music, and Culture: Global, National & Regional Narratives Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Diversity Equity Incl Inquiry

This course explores the importance of narrative perspective, documentation, and publication in shaping cultural beliefs regarding women’s musical roles historically and culturally, ultimately reflecting the inherent challenges women have faced in “musical” arenas of diversity, equity, struggles of feminism and musical inclusivity. Offered Every Term.

MUH 1370 Music Appreciation: Beginnings to the Present Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Global Learning Inquiry

Survey of Western music from its beginnings to the present. Developing musical understanding and critical listening skills by focusing on major composers and styles, and by concentrating on social, political and cultural influences. Offered Every Term.

MUH 2210 African American Music History: A Detroit Perspective Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Diversity Equity Incl Inquiry

A chronological survey of the various genres of music created by African Americans in the United States and a discussion of the contributions of Black Detroit musicians to this history. Offered Intermittently.

MUH 3310 Music History Survey I Cr. 3

A broad survey of the music of the Western classical tradition from antiquity through the early Romantic period. Concentration on major composers and styles, as well as on significant historical, philosophical, artistic, and cultural influences. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C and MUH 1345 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment limited to students in a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Music degrees.

MUH 3320 Music History Survey II Cr. 3

Survey of important developments in western music history from around 1800 to the present. Concentration on major composers and styles, as well as on significant historical, philosophical, artistic, and cultural influences, such as competing conceptions of music, the changing role of composers in society, music in relation to the other arts, challenges faced by female musicians, controversies surrounding music and language, music and drama, and music and identity. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C and MUH 1345 with a minimum grade of C

MUH 3330 Music History Topics Cr. 3

Culminating course in music history, with rotating topics each semester. Concentration on major composers, genres and styles, techniques, approaches, etc. Topics may include the history of opera, symphony, song, etc.; opera, symphony, song, etc. in today's culture and society; the sacred and the secular, historical approaches to music technology; film and video game music; popular music; globalization, exchange, and appropriation of music; and music and identity. Other topics are also possible. Contact the department for information about the topic for a specific semester. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C and MUH 1345 with a minimum grade of C

MUH 3360 Jazz History Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Diversity Equity Incl Inquiry

Survey of major developments in jazz from its beginnings to the present. Offered Fall.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUH 3380 American Music Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry

A survey of American music in its many forms. Social, cultural, and philosophical issues are considered alongside the music and its relationship to other arts. Offered Intermittently.

MUH 3990 Directed Study Cr. 1-3

Individualized research and work in music history or literature under the supervision of a faculty member. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior or Senior; enrollment is limited to students with a major, minor, or concentration in Music or Music Honors.

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUH 4990 BA Project Cr. 2

Directed study leading to completion of the B.A. project in music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior; enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment limited to students in a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Equivalent: MUA 4990, MUT 4990

MUH 5300 Music Research Cr. 3

Music bibliography and research techniques. Offered for graduate credit only. Offered Fall.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

MUH 5315 Special Topics in Music History Cr. 3

In-depth study of such topics as the historical development of opera and oratorio, symphonic or chamber music styles, or specialized study of individual composers. Course may be repeated when topics change. Offered for undergraduate credit only. Offered Intermittently.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUH 5340 Survey of World Music Cr. 3

Satisfies General Education Requirement: Cultural Inquiry, Global Learning Inquiry

Musical expressions of five or six non-European cultures en route to a better understanding of the peoples themselves. Attention given to biases, culturally-determined learning patterns, and aesthetics. No credit for graduate degrees in music. Offered Fall, Winter.

MUH 5350 Instrumental Pedagogy Cr. 3

This course is designed to create a greater personal awareness and understanding of one’s own technique and musicianship. Students will learn how to optimize their ability to self-analyze, self-assess, and think pedagogically. Through a deeper understanding of all the varied aspects of the musical performance and self-reflection, students will learn to enhance their own performances, becoming an accomplished performer and teacher in the profession. Further, the course is designed to strengthen students' performances through classroom demonstrations, but also include a variety of ancillary topics, including, but not limited to interpretation, performance anxiety, collaboration, stage presence, student-teacher dynamics and related health issues. Offered Yearly.

Prerequisite: MUT 2140 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior; enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

MUH 5355 Vocal Pedagogy & History Cr. 3

This course is designed for students to improve their understanding of vocal pedagogy. Topics include vocal anatomy and function, historical and contemporary approaches to the voice and vocal pedagogy, the "three Rs" (respiration, resonance, and registration), voice categories and the Fach system, vocal exercises for the studio and practice room, and the development of the singing career from the beginning of opera to the present day. Offered Yearly.

Prerequisite: MUT 2140 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUH 5358 Piano Pedagogy Cr. 3

This course introduces the principles and practices of piano teaching for beginning through intermediate levels, from young students to adult learners. Students will explore historical and contemporary teaching philosophies, materials, and methods, while developing practical teaching skills through observation, teaching demonstration, and studio planning. Offered Yearly.

Prerequisite: MUT 2140 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUH 5360 Jazz History Cr. 3

Survey of major developments in jazz from its beginnings to the present. Offered for graduate credit only. Offered Fall.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

MUH 5370 Diction and Vocal Literature I Cr. 3

Singers' diction in Italian, Latin, French and Spanish; methodologies, solo and chamber repertoire in these languages. No credit for M.Mus. degree in vocal performance. Offered Every Other Year.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music, Music Honors, Theatre or Theatre Honors.

MUH 5380 Diction and Vocal Literature II Cr. 3

Singers' diction in German, Hebrew, Russian and English; methodologies, solo and chamber repertoire in these languages. No credit for M.Mus. degree in vocal performance. Offered Every Other Year.

Prerequisite: MUH 5370 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music, Music Honors, Theatre or Theatre Honors.

MUH 5993 Writing Intensive Course in Music Cr. 0

Disciplinary writing assignments under the direction of a faculty member. Satisfies the University General Education Writing Intensive Course in the Major requirement. Required for majors. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: AFS 2390 with a minimum grade of C, ENG 2390 with a minimum grade of C, ENG 3010 with a minimum grade of C, ENG 3020 with a minimum grade of C, or ENG 3050 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUH 6315 Seminar in Music History Cr. 3

Interdisciplinary seminar, open to non-music majors, examining diverse themes and critical methods in music history and literature. Research projects. Specific focus changes regularly, see Department of Music. No credit for graduate degrees in music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Repeatable for 15 Credits

Music Private Instruction

Private instruction in instruments and voice are required in all B.A. and B.Mus. concentrations. The courses listed below and titled: Secondary Instruction, MUP 1xx5 and 3xx5, are available for 1 credit each and are intended for students studying secondary instruments as required in the concentrations: Theory/ Composition, Instrumental Music Education, Vocal Music Education,  and  Performance. The courses listed below and titled: Principal Instruction, MUP 1xx1-1xx4 and 3xx1-3xx4, are available for 1 credit each and are intended for students studying principal instruments as required in the concentrations: B.A. in music, Theory/ Composition, Instrumental Music Education, Vocal Music Education, Music Business, Music Technology, and Jazz Studies. All students must successfully pass a junior-standing jury for permission to continue principal elections at the 3xxx level.

The courses listed in the following table under Major Private Instruction, MUP 2xxx and 4xxx, are available for three credits each and are intended for students studying major instruments as required in the senior year of the jazz studies concentration and all performance concentrations. All students must successfully pass a junior-standing jury for permission to continue elections at the 4xxx level.

Corequisite: Students enrolled in MUP Private Instruction must concurrently register in an appropriate major ensemble selected from the following:

MUA 2800University Bands1
MUA 2810University Symphony Orchestra1
MUA 2820Jazz Big Band1
MUA 2822Jazz Guitar Ensemble1
MUA 2840Choral Union1
MUA 2850Concert Chorale1

Fees: MUP courses have applied music fees as stated in the schedule of classes.

MUP 1201 Organ Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in organ. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1205 Organ Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in organ for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1211 Piano Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in piano. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1215 Piano Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in piano for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1221 Voice Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in voice. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1225 Voice Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students who major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1231 Strings Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in strings. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1235 Strings Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1241 Woodwinds Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in woodwinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1245 Woodwinds Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1251 Brasswinds Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in brasswinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1255 Brasswinds Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1261 Percussion Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in percussion. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1265 Percussion Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1271 Harp Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in harp. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1275 Harp Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1281 Classical Guitar Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in classical guitar. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1285 Classical Guitar Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1311 Jazz Piano Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz piano. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1315 Jazz Piano Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1321 Jazz Voice Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz voice. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1325 Jazz Voice Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1331 Jazz Strings Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz strings. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1335 Jazz Strings Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1341 Jazz Woodwinds Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz woodwinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1345 Jazz Woodwinds Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1351 Jazz Brasswinds Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz brasswinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1355 Jazz Brasswinds Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1361 Jazz Percussion Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz percussion. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1365 Jazz Percussion Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1381 Jazz Guitar Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz guitar. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 1385 Jazz Guitar Elective Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 1

Private instruction for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 2201 Organ Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in organ for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2211 Piano Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in piano for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2221 Voice Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in voice for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2231 Strings Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in strings for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2241 Woodwinds Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in woodwinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2251 Brasswinds Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in brasswinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2261 Percussion Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in percussion for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2271 Harp Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in harp for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2281 Classical Guitar Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in classical guitar for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2311 Jazz Piano Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz piano for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2321 Jazz Voice Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz voice for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2331 Jazz Strings Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz strings for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2341 Jazz Woodwinds Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz woodwinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2351 Jazz Brasswinds Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz brasswinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2361 Jazz Percussion Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz percussion for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 2381 Jazz Guitar Major Lessons - Lower Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz guitar for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 3201 Organ Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in organ. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1201 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3205 Organ Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in organ for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1205 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3211 Piano Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in piano. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3215 Piano Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in piano for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3221 Voice Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in voice. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1221 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3225 Voice Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in voice for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1235 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3231 Strings Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in strings. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisite: MUP 1234 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3235 Strings Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in strings for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3241 Woodwinds Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in woodwinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1241 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3245 Woodwinds Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in woodwinds for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1245 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3251 Brasswinds Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in brasswinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1251 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3255 Brasswinds Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in brasswinds for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1255 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3261 Percussion Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in percussion. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1261 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3265 Percussion Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in percussion for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1265 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3271 Harp Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in harp. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1271 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3275 Harp Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in harp for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1275 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3281 Classical Guitar Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in classical guitar. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1281 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3285 Classical Guitar Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in classical guitar for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1285 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3311 Jazz Piano Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz piano. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1311 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3315 Jazz Piano Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz piano for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1315 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3321 Jazz Voice Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz voice. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1321 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3325 Jazz Voice Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz voice for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1325 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3331 Jazz Strings Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz strings. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1331 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3335 Jazz Strings Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz strings for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1335 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3341 Jazz Woodwinds Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz woodwinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1341 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3345 Jazz Woodwinds Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz woodwinds for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1345 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3351 Jazz Brasswinds Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz brasswinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1351 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3355 Jazz Brasswinds Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz brasswinds for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1355 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3361 Jazz Percussion Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz percussion. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1361 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3365 Jazz Percussion Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz percussion for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 3365 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $300

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3381 Jazz Guitar Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz guitar. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1381 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 3385 Jazz Guitar Elective Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz guitar for students whose major is not music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 1385 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 4201 Organ Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in organ for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2201 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4211 Piano Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in piano for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2211 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4221 Voice Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in voice for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2221 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4231 Strings Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in strings for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2231 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4241 Woodwinds Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in woodwinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2241 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4251 Brasswinds Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in brasswinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2251 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4261 Percussion Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in percussion for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2261 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4271 Harp Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in harp for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2271 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4281 Classical Guitar Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in classical guitar for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 4281 with a minimum grade of C

Fees: $600

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4311 Jazz Piano Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz piano for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2311 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4321 Jazz Voice Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz voice for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2321 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4331 Jazz Strings Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz strings for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2331 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4341 Jazz Woodwinds Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz woodwinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2341 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4351 Jazz Brasswinds Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz brasswinds for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2351 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4361 Jazz Percussion Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz percussion for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2361 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4381 Jazz Guitar Major Lessons - Upper Division Cr. 3

Private instruction in jazz guitar for students in music performance. Offered Fall, Winter.

Prerequisites: MUP 2381 with a minimum grade of C

Repeatable for 12 Credits

MUP 4470 Junior Recital Cr. 0

Required recital for junior-year performance majors; minimum of 30 minutes of music. Registration must be completed before recital is scheduled; pre-recital approval jury is required. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students in the Bachelor of Music program; enrollment limited to students in the Fine, Performing & Comm. Arts.

MUP 4480 Senior Recital Cr. 0

Required recital for senior-year performance or jazz studies majors; minimum of 60 minutes of music. Registration must be completed before recital is scheduled; pre-recital approval jury is required. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students in the Bachelor of Music program; enrollment limited to students in the Fine, Performing & Comm. Arts.

MUP 6201 Organ Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in organ. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6211 Piano Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in piano. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6221 Voice Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in voice. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6231 Strings Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in strings. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6241 Woodwinds Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in woodwinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6251 Brasswinds Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in brasswinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6261 Percussion Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in percussion. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6271 Harp Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in harp. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6281 Classical Guitar Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in classical guitar. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6291 Conducting Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in conducting. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6311 Jazz Piano Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz piano. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6321 Jazz Voice Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz voice. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6331 Jazz Strings Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz strings. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6341 Jazz Woodwinds Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz woodwinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $200

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6351 Jazz Brasswinds Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz brasswinds. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6361 Jazz Percussion Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz percussion. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Fees: $500

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUP 6381 Jazz Guitar Lessons - Graduate Cr. 1

Private instruction in jazz guitar. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

Music Theory

MUT 1100 Introduction to Music Theory Cr. 3

Terminology and standard notation, including intervals, triads, scales, rhythm, correlated ear training, and general musicianship. No degree credit for music majors. Offered Every Term.

MUT 1140 Theory I Cr. 3

Prior knowledge of scales, clefs, and key signatures. Triads, intervals, principles of four-part writing, voice leading and melody harmonization, including all diatonic triads, dominant and super tonic seventh chords, inversions, and nonharmonic tones. Offered Fall, Winter.

Corequisite: MUT 1150

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

MUT 1150 Ear Training I Cr. 1

An introduction to sight singing, solfeggio, and the basic materials of tonal music including intervals, chords, simple melodies, and basic harmonic progressions. Offered Fall, Winter.

Corequisite: MUT 1140

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

MUT 1160 Theory II Cr. 3

Further study of diatonic harmony, including idiomatic chord functions and tonal sequences. Offered Winter, Spring/Summer.

Prerequisite: MUT 1140 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite: MUT 1170

MUT 1170 Ear Training II Cr. 1

A continuation of MUT 1150. Sight-singing and dictation of more advanced diatonic materials. Offered Winter, Spring/Summer.

Prerequisite: MUT 1150 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite: MUT 1160

MUT 1200 Beginning Composition I Cr. 2

Introduction to creative writing in twentieth and twenty-first century composition. Group composition projects and associated private lessons explore a broad range of contemporary styles and techniques. Topics include melodic studies, process, acoustics, polytonality, free atonality, serialism, timbre, postmodernism. Offered Fall.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 1210 Beginning Composition II Cr. 2

Introduction to creative writing in twentieth and twenty-first century composition. Group composition projects and associated private lessons explore a broad range of contemporary styles and techniques. Topics include rhythmic studies, notational exploration, indeterminacy, extended techniques, minimalism, pitch class sets, electronic music. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 1200 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition.

MUT 2030 Keyboard Harmony I Cr. 1

First of a two-course sequence. Basic training in score reading, such as practice in various clefs and transpositions found in current instrumental writing. No credit after MUT 2040. Offered Every Other Year.

Prerequisite: MUA 2795 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 2040 Keyboard Harmony II Cr. 1

Continuation of MUT 2030. Advanced harmonic progressions applied to the keyboard; figured bass; harmonization of soprano or bass; modulation; transposition, and score reading. Offered Every Other Year.

Prerequisites: MUT 2030 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 2120 Jazz Theory and Harmony Cr. 3

Harmonic, rhythmic and melodic concepts used in jazz including basic chord nomenclature, non-tertian sonorities and advanced improvisation. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 2140 Theory III Cr. 3

Study of chromatic harmony and voice leading; introduction to complete tonal structures. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite: MUT 2150

MUT 2150 Ear Training III Cr. 1

Sight singing and dictation of chromatic materials; more advanced work with rhythm and meter. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1170 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite: MUT 2140

MUT 2160 Theory IV Cr. 3

Twentieth- and twenty-first century music; impressionistic techniques. Mainstream compositional devices of melody, harmony and rhythm; serial music, electronic music, aleatoric music, contemporary notation. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 2140 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite: MUT 2170

MUT 2170 Ear Training IV Cr. 1

Sight singing and dictation of more advanced chromatic material; introduction to ear training with post-tonal music. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite: MUT 2160

MUT 2175 Advanced Ear Training Cr. 1

Achieve fluency with the basic materials of tonal music. Develop the practical skills expected of every professional musician, such as proficiency in sight reading, instantaneous recognition of musical idioms, transcription, ability to communicate musical ideas with your voice, and improvement of your musical memory. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 2200 Beginning Composition III Cr. 2

Students continue to develop compositional skill and technique. Small groups and associated private lessons explore writing for specific instrument families and larger combinations than those explored in the first year. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1210 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 2210 Beginning Composition IV Cr. 2

Continuation of MUT 2200. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 2200 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 2885 Jazz Improvisation I Cr. 1

Techniques of individual jazz improvisation. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 1160 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 1170 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors.

Repeatable for 2 Credits

MUT 2887 Jazz Improvisation II Cr. 1

Continuation of MUT 2885; emphasis on individual jazz improvisation skills. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 2885 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Repeatable for 2 Credits

MUT 3000 Orchestration & Arranging Cr. 2

Practical course in arranging music for orchestra, including study of transposition, arrangements from a piano score; general treatment of range, relationship, timbre, balance of orchestral instruments. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 2140 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 3020 Counterpoint Cr. 2

Overall introduction to counterpoint with some emphasis on the style of J. S. Bach. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 2140 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2150 with a minimum grade of C and MUH 3310 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 3200 Intermediate Composition I Cr. 2

Emphasizes refinement and personalization of student compositional activity through private composition lessons. Offered Fall.

Prerequisites: MUT 2210 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition or Jazz Studies; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 3210 Intermediate Composition II Cr. 2

Continuation of MUT 3200. Offered Winter.

Prerequisites: MUT 3200 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 3990 Directed Study Cr. 1-3

Individualized research and work in music theory or composition under the supervision of a faculty member. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Junior or Senior.

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUT 4200 Advanced Composition I Cr. 2

Creative writing in twentieth- and twenty-first century idioms. Aesthetic, stylistic and formal problems in private composition lessons employing contemporary techniques. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 3210 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUT 4210 Advanced Composition II Cr. 2

Continuation of MUT 4200. Offered Winter.

Prerequisites: MUT 4200 with a minimum grade of D-

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors. Enrollment is limited to students with a concentration in Composition; enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

Repeatable for 4 Credits

MUT 4990 BA Project Cr. 2

Directed study leading to completion of the B.A. project in music. Offered Fall, Winter.

Restriction(s): Enrollment limited to students with a class of Senior; enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music or Music Honors; enrollment limited to students in a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Equivalent: MUA 4990, MUH 4990

MUT 5085 History of Theory Cr. 3

Theoretical writings from Plato to Rameau to Schenker, in historical contexts. Offered for undergraduate credit only. Offered Intermittently.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 5110 Jazz Arranging and Composition I Cr. 3

Creative writing for small jazz and pop ensembles. Arranging for three to five pieces including ""head"" arrangements, block chord technique and contrapuntal writing. No credit for M.Mus. in jazz performance degree. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 2160 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2170 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 5120 Jazz Arranging and Composition II Cr. 3

Creative writing for larger jazz and pop ensembles; jazz arranging for six to eighteen pieces combining various textures and timbres. No credit for M.Mus. in jazz performance degree. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 5110 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 5130 Jazz Arranging and Orchestration Cr. 3

Arranging pieces with concentration on orchestrating for large jazz ensembles. No credit for M.Mus. in jazz performance degree. Offered Fall.

Prerequisite: MUT 5120 with a minimum grade of C

MUT 5200 Special Topics in Theory Cr. 3

In-depth study of such topics as set or serial theories, aesthetics and philosophies of musics, and recent theoretical developments. Student may repeat course when topic changes. Offered for undergraduate credit only. Offered Intermittently.

Prerequisite: MUT 5997 with a minimum grade of C

Equivalent: MUT 7200

Repeatable for 6 Credits

MUT 5220 Introduction to Schenkerian Analysis Cr. 3

Aesthetic premises and basic analytic procedures of tonal music, viewed from a Schenkerian perspective. Applications of graphic technique to short phrases and to larger forms (e.g., sonata) from a wide repertory (1700-1900). Offered for undergraduate credit only. Offered Every Other Year.

Prerequisite: MUT 5997 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 5240 Analysis of Twentieth-Century Music Cr. 3

Aesthetic and technical procedures of twentieth-century music. Applications of pitch-class set and interval analysis to short phrases and to large-scale organizational strategies of entire pieces. Offered for undergraduate credit only. Offered Every Other Year.

Prerequisite: MUT 5997 with a minimum grade of C

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to Undergraduate level students.

MUT 5280 Interactive Electronic Music Composition Cr. 3

Explores basic interactive electronic music composition using computer music software for sound. Offered Yearly.

MUT 5600 Survey of Music Theory Cr. 3

Survey of music theories and practices including diatonic harmony and voice leading, chord functions, harmonic sequences, chromatic harmony and voice leading, and twentieth- and twenty-first-century techniques. Offered Fall.

Restriction(s): Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music; enrollment is limited to Graduate level students.

MUT 5997 Analytical Techniques Cr. 3

Capstone course for Music Department. Structural analysis of tonal music in historical perspective. Credit not applicable to graduate degrees in music. Offered Winter.

Prerequisite: MUT 2160 with a minimum grade of C and MUT 2170 with a minimum grade of C and MUH 3330 with a minimum grade of C

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